Which term identifies the era characterized by significant economic growth and widespread social change in the late 19th century?

The term that identifies the era characterized by significant economic growth and widespread social change in the late 19th century is the Gilded Age. This period, which roughly spanned from the 1870s to about 1900, was marked by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and the expansion of the railroad network. The term "Gilded" suggests that while the era appeared prosperous and shiny on the surface, it also concealed underlying social issues, such as poor labor conditions, income inequality, and political corruption.

During the Gilded Age, America transformed from a primarily agrarian society to an industrial powerhouse. This transformation brought about new economic opportunities but also led to significant social changes, including the rise of a wealthy elite and the struggles of the working class. Immigrants flocked to the United States during this time, contributing to the workforce and playing a crucial role in the industrial economy.

In contrast, the other options represent different periods or movements in American history. The Progressive Era followed the Gilded Age and was characterized by reforms aimed at addressing the issues that emerged during the previous period. The Industrial Revolution refers more broadly to a global transition to industrialization, encompassing changes that began in Britain in the late 18