Which of the following was a primary push factor for European immigrants in the late 19th century?

Political unrest was indeed a primary push factor for European immigrants in the late 19th century. Many regions in Europe were experiencing significant turmoil due to events such as revolutions, wars, and changing political regimes. For instance, the aftermath of the 1848 revolutions throughout Europe created waves of instability, while countries like Russia faced oppression and anti-Semitic violence, driving many Jews to seek refuge elsewhere. These circumstances forced individuals and families to leave their homes in search of safety, stability, and a better future.

In contrast, lack of jobs in the U.S. does not serve as a push factor; it represents a pull factor, as economic opportunities in America were generally seen as abundant. High wages in America also indicate attractiveness for potential immigrants rather than a reason for them to leave their own countries. Finally, while religious tolerance was indeed a draw for many immigrants, particularly for those facing persecution in their homelands, it does not serve as a direct push factor compelling them to leave. Instead, it highlights the moral and ethical environment they hoped to find in the United States.