Which legislation imposed restrictions on immigration based on nationality?

The Immigration Act of 1924 is the correct answer because it specifically established quotas that limited the number of immigrants allowed into the United States based on their nationality. This legislation aimed to preserve the ideal of U.S. homogeneity by favoring immigration from Northern and Western European countries while severely restricting immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, as well as virtually banning immigration from Asia. The act reflected the nativist sentiments of the time, prioritizing certain nationalities over others and significantly shaping U.S. immigration policy for decades.

In contrast, the Homestead Act focused on providing land to settlers rather than regulating immigration, while the Chinese Exclusion Act targeted a specific ethnic group rather than implementing a broader nationality-based restriction. The Refugee Act was legislation aimed at providing asylum and support to refugees fleeing their home countries, which does not align with imposing restrictions based on nationality per se.