Which immigrant group is often referred to as "new immigrants" during the late 19th century?

The term "new immigrants" during the late 19th century primarily refers to the wave of immigrants arriving from Southern and Eastern Europe. This group included individuals from countries such as Italy, Poland, Russia, and Greece, among others. These immigrants started arriving in significant numbers in the 1880s and continued into the early 20th century. Their migration was driven by factors such as economic hardship, political unrest, and religious persecution in their home countries.

The distinction between "new" and "old" immigrants is crucial for understanding the changing patterns of immigration during this period. "Old immigrants" typically refers to those who came from Northern and Western Europe before the Civil War, including groups from England, Germany, and Scandinavia. The cultural differences, language barriers, and the more diverse backgrounds of Southern and Eastern European immigrants contributed to their classification as "new immigrants." This group faced differing levels of acceptance and integration in American society compared to their predecessors, often experiencing discrimination and challenges in assimilating into the predominantly Anglo-Saxon culture of the time.