What was a common challenge faced by immigrants in urban environments during the late 19th century?

Language barriers and discrimination were significant challenges faced by immigrants in urban environments during the late 19th century. As large waves of immigrants, particularly from Southern and Eastern Europe, arrived in cities like New York and Chicago, many struggled to communicate in English, which limited their employment opportunities and access to essential services. This language difference often led to isolation and difficulties in integrating into the community.

Moreover, immigrants frequently encountered discrimination and prejudice from native-born Americans who viewed them as competitors for jobs and resources. This discrimination could manifest in various ways, including exclusion from certain jobs, social ostracization, and even violence in some cases. Together, these factors created a difficult environment for newcomers trying to establish themselves in rapidly growing urban centers.

In contrast, although access to quality education was indeed a concern, especially for the children of immigrants, it was the immediate barriers of language and social discrimination that most acutely affected their daily lives and ability to navigate the urban landscape. High wages and job security were often elusive, as many immigrants worked in low-paying, unstable positions, while supportive communities did exist, they emerged as a response to the challenges faced rather than as a primary aspect of the immigrant experience.