What social factors contributed to large-scale immigration in the late 19th century?

The correct choice highlights the significant social factors that drove large-scale immigration during the late 19th century. Industrialization played a pivotal role as it transformed economies, especially in the United States, from agrarian to industrial. This shift created a demand for labor in factories and urban areas, attracting immigrants who sought work and better economic prospects.

Urbanization is closely linked to industrialization, as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of jobs, leading to rapid growth in urban populations. This influx of immigrants not only provided labor for industries but also contributed to the diverse cultural fabric of American cities.

Political instability in various parts of Europe, such as in Eastern Europe and Italy, caused many to flee their home countries for the perceived safety and opportunities available in America. This factor significantly influenced immigration patterns, as individuals and families sought refuge from conflict, oppression, or economic hardships.

Other options do not accurately capture the complexities of immigrant motivations. For example, access to affordable healthcare, while important, was not a primary motivator for immigration during this period. Political unity and economic stability were typically qualities of the host country rather than conditions that prompted immigrants to seek new opportunities abroad. The growth of agricultural opportunities, while relevant in some contexts, was overshadowed by the