What role did women in immigrant communities play in the labor force?

Women in immigrant communities made substantial contributions to the labor force, particularly through their work in factories and domestic services. Many immigrant families relied on multiple income sources to make ends meet, which often included women entering the workforce. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a significant number of immigrant women took jobs in textile mills, garment factories, and as domestic workers, providing essential labor that supported not only their families but also the broader economy. This involvement in industrial labor was crucial during periods of rapid industrialization in the United States, where the demand for workers in urban settings rose sharply.

Moreover, the roles women played often went beyond mere participation in the labor market; they were foundational in shaping labor movements and advocating for better working conditions, even if this aspect isn't captured as directly in this question. Their presence in the workforce helped to challenge traditional gender roles and established a new dynamic within immigrant communities, highlighting their resilience and adaptability in the face of economic necessity.