What event or development sparked a “new wave” of immigrants to the U.S. in the 1990s?

The decision that economic downturns and civil conflicts in Central America and other regions spurred a new wave of immigrants to the U.S. in the 1990s is supported by a historical context that highlights how socioeconomic instability influences migration patterns. During this period, countries such as Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua faced significant civil unrest, wars, and deteriorating economic conditions, prompting many individuals and families to seek refuge and better opportunities in the United States.

These refugees and immigrants were often fleeing violence, poverty, and persecution. The 1990s also coincided with other factors like the relaxation of immigration laws and the protection offered under various asylum programs, making it easier for those escaping crises to enter the U.S.

While increased educational opportunities and new trade agreements contributed to immigration dynamics, they were not the primary driving forces in this particular wave. Similarly, the notion of opening borders pertains more to tourism and not the specific context of immigration due to crisis situations. Therefore, the significant push from dire circumstances in immigrants' home countries played a crucial role in shaping this influx.