What does the term "chain migration" refer to?

The term "chain migration" refers specifically to the process through which immigrants who have settled in a new country sponsor their family members to join them. This allows for a gradual increase in the immigrant population as established immigrants help connect their relatives or close family members with opportunities to migrate. It's a significant aspect of immigration patterns, particularly in countries like the United States, where family reunification has been a focal point of immigration policy.

In this context, as initial migrants establish themselves, they pave the way for subsequent family members to come over, creating networks that ease the transition into a new country. This term highlights the social connections involved in migration and demonstrates how familial ties can influence patterns in immigration flow.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of chain migration. Urban relocation focuses on geographic aspects rather than familial connections, enforced migration signifies a government action different from voluntary immigration, and a trend of returning to home countries describes a very distinct phenomenon unrelated to the supportive role of family in migration.