What concept promoted a work ethic that emphasized thriftiness and responsible spending?

The correct answer is indeed the Protestant Work Ethic. This concept emerged primarily from Calvinist beliefs and emphasized diligence, discipline, and frugality as moral virtues. It encouraged individuals to approach work with seriousness, viewing hard work and economic success as signs of personal virtue and proof of being favored by God. This ethic played a significant role in shaping American culture, especially during the period of industrialization in the 19th century when many immigrants were arriving in the United States and sought to integrate into a society where these values were held in high esteem.

The Protestant Work Ethic contributed to the idea that individuals should take personal responsibility for their economic circumstances, which further reinforced notions of self-reliance and the moral obligation to spend wisely. Such principles directly linked to the development of capitalism and the American Dream, where hard work could lead to prosperity.

Understanding the context of the other choices helps clarify why they don't align with this concept. Jacksonian Democracy focused more on expanding political participation and the rights of the "common man" rather than work ethics. The National Labor Union was primarily concerned with labor rights and improving working conditions rather than promoting thrift and responsible spending. The American Protective Association, known for its nativist sentiment, concentrated on restricting immigration and